Which term describes the anaerobic decomposition of proteins?

Putrefaction is the process that specifically refers to the anaerobic decomposition of proteins, primarily due to the action of bacteria. This process is characterized by the breakdown of complex organic substances into simpler forms, often resulting in the production of gases, odors, and various byproducts such as ammonia. Putrefaction occurs in environments where oxygen is limited, making it distinct from other decomposition processes.

Fermentation, while also associated with the anaerobic breakdown of substances, typically involves the conversion of carbohydrates into alcohol or organic acids and does not focus primarily on proteins. Hydrolysis refers to the chemical breakdown of compounds due to reaction with water and is not limited to a particular type of biochemical breakdown. Oxidation involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen, which generally applies to aerobic processes, distinguishing it from putrefaction. Thus, putrefaction is the most accurate term to describe the anaerobic decomposition of proteins in the context of embalming and mortuary science.